Last night in the Bible Track course at SPTC we heard The Archbishop of Canterbury complete his second lecture on the Gospel of John. Brilliant lectures. Even more amazing, he lectured for three hours without a note – only his Greek NT and an English NT before him. Anyway, wonderful discussion ensued. One of the questions that emerged was “who is the ‘Beloved Disciple?’” The most commonly accepted answer, of course, is John the Apostle. However, there is another stream of thought that suggests Lazarus. Were it Lazarus some clarity would emerge. Ben Witherington is one scholar who explains this stream of thought:
This identification of BD= Lazarus in fact not only clears up some conundrums about this story, it also neatly clears up a series of other conundrums in the Johannine Passion narrative as well. For example: 1) it was always problematic that the BD had ready access to the High Priest’s house. Who could he have been to have such access? Surely not a Galilean fisherman. Jn. 11.36-47 suggests that some of the Jewish officials who reported to the high priest had known Lazarus, and had attended his mourning period in Bethany. This in turn means that Lazarus likely had some relationship with them. He could have had access to Caiphas’ house, being a high status person known to Caiphas’ entourage. ; 2) If Lazarus of Bethany is the Beloved Disciple this too explains the omission of the Garden of Gethsemane prayer story in this Gospel. Peter, James and John were present on that occasion, but the Beloved Disciple was not; 3) It also explains Jn. 19.27. If the Beloved Disciple took Jesus’ mother ‘unto his own’ home (it is implied) this surely suggests some locale much nearer than Galilee, for the Beloved Disciple will show up in Jerusalem in John 20 immediately there after, and of course Mary is still there, according to Acts 1.14 well after the crucifixion and resurrection of her son. 4) How is it that the Beloved Disciple gets to the tomb of Jesus in Jn. 20 before Peter? Perhaps because he knows the locale, indeed knows Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, being one who lived near and spent much time in Jerusalem. One more thing about John 20.2 which Tom Thatcher kindly reminded me of—here the designation of our man is a double one—he is called both ‘the other disciple’ and also the one ‘whom Jesus loved only this time it is phileō for the verb. Why has our author varied the title at this juncture, if in fact it was a pre-existing title for someone outside the narrative? We would have expected it to be in a fixed form if this were some kind of pre-existing title.
Thoughts?
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Wow. Pretty persuasive arguments!
Whoa! I thought I was!
This reminds me of a Steve Martin comedy special on TV several years ago. There was one sketch about the probability of dinosaurs having built Stonehenge. One of the lines was, “There, you see, taken from this angle you can see how dinosaurs could have built Stonehenge.”
I have difficulty with seriously engaging in this kind of academic speculation. This discussion is powerful evidence of why I am neither scholar or theologian (but often fantasize that I am!)
To me, the author does not effectively address John’s apparent self-description in John 13:23. All of the disciples are together. Peter directly addresses our beloved disciple. That beloved disciple is physically resting on Jesus and self identifies. Lazarus is never mentioned anywhere as a disciple. The context just doesn’t fit.
The author obliquely addresses John 21:20 and 21:24. In both verses, Peter, John and Jesus are in one another’s presence at that moment (irrespective of when our bestseller hit the market …..). It is hard to shoe horn Lazarus into this setting.
Finally, why are the bulk of evangelical scholars convinced that John (Zebedee) is the author of John while making no mention of Lazarus?
Is Ben leading a team of dinosaurs to Stonehenge? It appears that all of his logic is “backdoor” or “indirect” logic. I am sure that I am overlooking something. I would appreciate being challenged.
The more suspicious side of me wonders if this is not an innocent attempt to crack open the door which then has the effect of challenging the authority of Scripture.
Interesting speculation, but it seems plainly false when the various verses that contain the description are read, plus the list of apostles after the death and resurrection of Jesus is enumerated in Acts 1:13. “The disciple whom Jesus loved” would seem necessarily to be either Peter, James or John, and Peter and James are ruled out by the text.
“The disciple whom Jesus loved” is also close to both Jesus and Peter.
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